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دانشمندان فناوری ویرایش ژنهای CRISPR را برای متوقف ساختن تکثیر ویروس کرونا در سلولهای انسانی بکار گرفته اند، رویکردی که شاید یک روز به عنوان درمان موثری برای کووید 19 عمل کند.
لیکن این مطالعه بر روی بشقابهای آزمایشگاهی انجام شده و هنوز بر روی حیوانات یا انسانها آزمایش نشده است، بدین معنی که دست یافتن به درمان بیماری بر اساس این روش ممکن است سالها بطول بیانجامد.
CRISPR ابزاری است که پژوهشگران را قادر می سازد DNA را با دقت ویرایش کنند. این فناوری بر اساس یک سیستم دفاعی طبیعی است که در باکتری مورد استفاده واقع شده و میکروبها را قادر می سازد ماده وراثتی ویروسها را هدف قرار داده و نابود سازند.
در این مطالعه جدید که 13 جولای در نشریه Nature Communications چاپ شده، پژوهشگران از یک سیستم CRISPR استفاده کردند که بجای DNA، رشته های RNA را هدف قرار داده و نابود می ساخت. این روش بویژه در آنزیمی به نام Cas13b بکار رفته که رشته های RNA را همانند آنچه در ویروس SARS-CoV-2 مولد بیماری کووید 19 وجود دارد، از هم می گسلد. به محض چسبیدن این آنزیم به RNA، بخشی از ویروس که برای تکثیر لازم است را نابود می سازد. این آنزیم به محض تشخیص ویروس در بدن فعال شده و رشته های وراثتی آن را تکه تکه می کند. این روی در مورد واریانت های جدید ناشی از جهش نیز موثر است.
هم اکنون واکسن های موثری در دنیا تولید و توزیع شده اند لیکن نیاز به درمانی موثر برای مبتلایان هنوز وجود دارد و این نگرانی نیز هست که جهش های جدید واکسن های موجود را بی اثر سازند.
متن کامل خبر
By Rachael Rettner - Senior Writer 7 days ago
The approach could one day serve as a new treatment for COVID-19.
Scientists have harnessed CRISPR gene-editing technology to block the replication of the novel coronavirus in human cells — an approach that could one day serve as a new treatment for COVID-19.
However, the study was performed in lab dishes and has not yet been tested on animals or people, meaning a treatment based on the method could be years away.
CRISPR is a tool that enables researchers to precisely edit DNA. It's based on a natural defense system used in bacteria that allows the microbes to target and destroy the genetic material of viruses, Live Science previously reported.
In the new study, published Tuesday (July 13) in the journal Nature Communications, the researchers used a CRISPR system that targets and destroys strands of RNA, rather than DNA. Specifically, their system uses an enzyme called Cas13b, which cleaves single strands of RNA, like those found in SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. (Cas13b is similar to Cas9, the enzyme most commonly used in CRISPR gene-editing technology, but Cas9 cleaves DNA while Cas13b cleaves RNA.)
The researchers designed CRISPR-Cas13b to target specific sites on the RNA of SARS-CoV-2; once the enzyme binds to the RNA, it destroys the part of the virus needed to replicate, according to a statement from the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre in Victoria, Australia, which collaborated on the research.
"Once the virus is recognized, the CRISPR enzyme is activated and chops up the virus," study lead author Dr. Sharon Lewin, of the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity at the University of Melbourne, told AFP.
Related: 10 amazing things scientists just did with CRISPR
The researchers also found that their method worked even when new mutations were introduced into the SARS-CoV-2 genome, including those seen in the alpha coronavirus variant, first discovered in the United Kingdom.
An ideal treatment would be an antiviral drug that patients take shortly after being diagnosed with COVID-19. "This approach — test and treat — would only be feasible if we have a cheap, oral and non-toxic antiviral. That's what we hope to achieve one day with this gene scissors approach," Lewin told AFP.
Although the new study is a first step toward such a treatment, it will likely be years before this method could be turned into a treatment that's widely available, AFP reported. The researchers now plan to test the method in animal models, and eventually conduct clinical trials in people.
Medicines that use CRISPR technology have not yet been approved to treat any diseases, but multiple studies are underway to test CRISPR-based therapies in people as a treatment for various diseases, including cancer and HIV.
Source: https://www.livescience.com/crispr-block-coronavirus-replication-treatment.html